Rousse is French for red-haired or ruddy, making it a surname-style color name turned given name.
Rousse comes from the Old French rousse, meaning "red-haired" or "auburn," from the Latin russus ("reddish"). As a descriptor, roux and rousse have been embedded in French culture for centuries — the former survives in culinary vocabulary (the butter-and-flour base of classical French sauces), the latter in literature and portraiture as a descriptor of the fiery-haired figure who was alternately vilified and romanticized. Red hair carried complex symbolism across medieval Europe: associated with wildness, passion, and even supernatural status in some folk traditions.
As a surname, Rousse and its variants (Rousseau, Le Roux, Roux) are well-documented across France, Belgium, Quebec, and Louisiana. The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau — whose ideas on natural liberty and the social contract fundamentally shaped modern democratic thought — is the name's most famous bearer, lending Rousse an intellectual gravity that extends well beyond its chromatic origin. In Bulgaria, Ruse (also spelled Rousse) is a major Danube city whose name traces to the same Latin root via Byzantine Greek.
As a given name, Rousse is exceptionally rare — it operates almost entirely as a surname or an adjective in French — which makes it a bold and unconventional choice for a child. Parents drawn to it are likely working in the space of literary surname-names (a well-established trend: think names like Lennon, Beckett, or Austen) and appreciate the particular combination of French elegance, fiery chromatic meaning, and Enlightenment philosophical resonance that Rousse uniquely carries.